Vercingetorix

Wercyngetoryks, łac. Vercingetorix (ur. 72 p.n.e., zm. 46 p.n.e.) – wódz galijskiego plemienia Arwernów, przywódca wielkiego powstania Galów przeciwko władzy Rzymu.

Powstanie Wercyngetoryksa było największym zrywem Galów podczas podboju Galii przez Rzymian. Mimo początkowych zwycięstw (np. Bitwa pod Gergowią), zostało jednak krwawo stłumione. Wercyngetoryks został pokonany przez Juliusza Cezara w bitwie pod Alezją (52 p.n.e.) i poddał się.
Został wydany Cezarowi przez współplemieńców i zmuszony do wzięcia udziału w jego triumfalnym wjeździe do Rzymu w 46 p.n.e. Prawdopodobnie po 6 latach niewoli został uduszony, co było częstą praktyką w stosunku do jeńców i zakładników w Rzymie.

Imię Wercyngetoryks jest właściwie tytułem wojskowym: w języku galijskim uer ("ponad", "najwyższy" lub "wielki", por. gr. hyper) ; cingeto ("wojownik") i rix ("król" albo "wódz", por. łac. rex), co tłumaczy się jako "wielki wódz / król wojowników", bądź "król nad-wojowników".






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